Deafness, in its simplest form, refers to a total or significant inability to hear. This can range from mild difficulty detecting high-pitched sounds to complete auditory deprivation. It can be present from birth (congenital) or acquired later in life due to illness, injury, or aging.

Communication barriers are a major challenge for deaf individuals. While some may use spoken language with hearing aids or cochlear implants, many rely on sign language, lipreading, and written communication. Assistive technologies are also crucial for daily life, like amplified phones and visual fire alarms.

Deafness is not a single entity, but a spectrum of experiences. The degree of hearing loss, preferred communication methods, and cultural identity vary greatly among individuals. Recognizing this diversity is key to fostering inclusivity and accessibility.

Beyond communication, deafness can impact various aspects of life, including education, employment, social interactions, and mental health. Early intervention and ongoing support are vital to ensure full participation and equal opportunities for deaf individuals.