The term "Hijra" (Hindi: हिजड़ा) is used in South Asia, particularly in India, to refer to a diverse community of individuals with gender identities that do not conform strictly to the binary categories of male or female. While the term has been historically translated into English as "eunuch" or "h************", these translations are often inaccurate and do not fully encompass the complex identity of Hijras.

Here's a more comprehensive understanding of who Hijras are:

Gender Identity:

• Most Hijras are assigned male at birth but identify as neither male nor female, often seeing themselves as a third gender.
• Many adopt feminine gender expression in their dress and behaviour.
• Some Hijras may undergo a traditional initiation ceremony called "nirvaan", which involves the removal of the male genitalia. This is often seen as an offering to the Hindu goddess Bahuchara Mata.
• The Hijra community also includes some intersex individuals (born with variations in sex characteristics).
• While the term "transgender" is sometimes used by outsiders to describe Hijras, many Hijras themselves identify as a distinct third gender rather than as transitioning between male and female. However, some individuals within the Hijra community may also identify as transgender and seek gender-affirming procedures.

Community and Culture:

• Hijras often live in well-defined, organised communities headed by a guru (teacher). These communities provide a support system for individuals who may have been rejected by their biological families or face extreme poverty.
• The guru-chela (teacher-disciple) system is a central aspect of Hijra culture, with knowledge and traditions passed down through generations within these communities.
• Historically and culturally rooted in Hinduism, Hijras have specific ritual roles, particularly in bestowing blessings at births and weddings. Their blessings are often believed to bring fertility, prosperity, and long life. Conversely, their curses are also taken seriously by many Hindus.
• While their traditions are tied to Hinduism, individuals within the Hijra community may also identify as Muslim or Christian, sometimes blending religious practices.

Social Status and Challenges:

• Despite their historical and cultural significance, Hijras have faced significant marginalisation, discrimination, and violence, particularly during and after British colonial rule, which criminalised them.
• They are often excluded from mainstream education and employment, leading many to rely on traditional roles (blessing ceremonies), begging, and sex work for survival.
• While there has been increasing legal recognition of third gender individuals in countries like India, Nepal, and Bangladesh, Hijras continue to face social stigma and challenges in accessing basic rights and services.

In summary, Hijras are a unique and diverse community in South Asia with a long history and distinct gender identity that falls outside the traditional male/female binary. While they hold cultural significance in some contexts, they also face significant social and economic challenges.